Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Captive Elephants

Gay A. Bradshaw, Ph.D., is an American psychologist and ecologist, and director of The Kerulos Center. Her work focuses on animal trauma recovery and wildlife self-determination. She is the author of Elephants on the Edge: What Animals Teach Us about Humanity, an award-winning book on PSTD in elephants.

Bradshaw’s studies were the first to identify Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in non-human animals beginning with free living elephants. She is the author of a seminal series of articles on great ape psychology, trauma, civil rights, and consciousness. This work was expanded to parrots, bears, and domestic animals and led to her founding the field of trans-species psychology, the articulation of a vertebrate common model of brain, mind, and behavior that is supported by existing science

Source: Wikipedia